How to Treat Kidney Stones in Dogs

Nephrolithiasis, another name for kidney stones, is very painful and may lead to serious health complications without treatment. Kidney stones in dogs may be caused by genetic predisposition, diet, certain medications, urinary tract infections or other illnesses. The condition is most common in female and middle-aged dogs. Symptoms of kidney stones in dogs include bloody urine, abdominal pain, vomiting and recurrent infections of the kidneys and urinary tract. Treatment depends on the location and size of the stones.

Instructions

1


Visit your veterinarian for an abdominal ultrasound or x-ray if you suspect kidney stones. These diagnostic tests can determine the size, number and location of any stones present.




2





Agree to have your dog’s bladder emptied by the veterinarian if his urethra is blocked or partially blocked. An overextended bladder can be severely painful and increases the risk of infection and other complications.




3





Feed your dog dissolving agents, if instructed to do so by your veterinarian. Dissolving agents break up stones through a chemical reaction, allowing them to pass comfortably out of the body with urination. You must carefully monitor your dog during this process.




4





Ask about extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. There are very few risks associated with this procedure, but it is not available at all veterinary facilities. During lithotripsy, the kidney stones are crushed into very small fragments and then flushed out of the dog’s system.




5





Increase your dog’s fluid intake. Intravenous (IV) fluids may be given if severe dehydration is present or if your dog is unable to keep down fluids due to vomiting.




6





Give your dog antibiotics to treat infection. A bacterial infection is nearly always present in the urinary tract of a dog with kidney stones.




7





Agree to surgery to remove the stones. In cases where kidney damage has already occurred, the kidney must be removed. Ask your veterinarian about the risks of surgery before consenting. General anesthesia can be dangerous to dogs, especially those in poor health.

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ASK-THE-VET: CAT DIAGNOSED WITH KIDNEY AND BLADDER STONES

Question: I have an 8 year old cat that was diagnosed with kidney and bladder stones about 3 months ago. We did manage to stabilize him enough to have surgery to remove the bladder stones about 3 weeks ago. The stones came back as Calcium Oxalate Uroliths.

We have been instructed by our vet to find a low Vitamin D wet food. He hates wet food and loses weight dramatically when we feed that exclusively so I am asking for a dry food as well. We do have him on subcutaneous fluids 2x a week and he drinks tons of water. Could you suggest a low V-D wet and or dry food? I hope it’s Halo.
Thank you

Answer: Thanks for writing in. It sounds like there is a lot going on with your cat. Halo is not a urinary prescription diet and does not tend to have low levels of vitamins or certain elements such as calcium or phosphorus. We are happy to provide your veterinarian with the nutritional information on the Halo foods to help them make a determination if the dry recipes would be okay for your cat. You can ask them to contact me or Customer Service directly for that information.

Good luck.
Dr. Donna Spector

Answers provided to pet owners by Dr. Donna Spector should be considered information and not specific advice. Answers are to be used for general information purposes only and not as a substitute for in-person evaluation or specific professional advice from your veterinarian. Communications on this site are very limited and should never be used in possible cases of emergency. Halo, Purely for Pets will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by your reliance on any information or content contained in a blog or article post. If you have consulted your veterinarian and if you are still concerned about your pet’s condition or if your pet has chronic, complicated or undiagnosed problems, Dr. Spector can offer consultations for you and your veterinarian via www.SpectorDVM.com.

KIDNEY STONES IN DOGS

Kidney stones in dogs can be very painful and can lead to serious health problems if not treated. Kidney stones – Dogs naturally have minerals in their bodies like calcium, magnesium, ammonia or phosphorus. When there is excessive mineral salts in the urine in humans, they are filtered out through the kidneys. But it can be difficult for these minerals to be soluble in the naturally acidic urine of dogs, these minerals can form stones. While they may not pose a health risk while in the kidneys, they may grow very large and be quite painful if they pass through the rest of the urinary tract, even blocking the tract in the worst cases.
Stones may consist of different types of minerals, general causes of kidney stones can include kidney or urinary tract infections, dietary factors, medications, or geriatric affects. There are some breeds that are naturally predisposed to develop kidney stones, such as Dalmatians, Yorkshire terriers and English Bulldogs. Kidney stones tend to appear more in female dogs and also older male dogs.The most obvious symptoms will occur if the stones pass into the bladder, or the ureters. This will cause severe pain, straining until the stone passes or is surgically removed.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Most stones are visible on an x-ray. Some stones are made up of more organic matter than mineral and may be more difficult to find on an x-ray, so an ultrasound could be used to locate them. There are diets available commercially to dissolve the stones. Dogs that show no changes in five or six months will probably have the stones removed surgically. The stones are removed from the kidney, then the kidney is flushed and sewn up.In order to control reformation of kidney stones, dogs should have a urine test twice a year to prevent urinary tract infections, have access to urinate frequently and plenty of water to keep them hydrated and the urine well diluted.

Kidney Stones Treatment At Home Dogs

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Treatment For Renal Calculi Kidney Stones

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01 Kidney and Urinary Problems - VeterinaryPartner.com

The urinary tract provides a means by which our daily metabolic wastes and toxins are filtered from our blood (by the kidneys), dissolved in as little water as possible (also by the kidneys), transported to a storage area (namely the urinary bladder), and removed from our bodies (by the process of urination. Disease can occur at any level of this system. Here are some relevant topics.

* Bladder Stones in Dogs and Cats


 
There are many types of bladder stones, and each tends to form in a specific breed or species under specific conditions. Here are some common forms.



* Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)


 
Feline lower urinary tract disease was formerly known as FUS and is actually a set of symptoms that canÂ’t be classified as a real disease. See what the symptoms are and what possible treatments there are for them.



Bladder Stones and Bladder Sludge in Rabbits


 
Urinary bladder problems are seen in rabbits of all breeds, of all ages, and of both sexes. Historically, these problems have been frustrating to treat and have a high recurrence rate. In recent years, veterinary scientific investigation into this problem and rabbit physiology has helped us to begin to grasp onto better ways to treat urinary bladder problems. We still are very far from completely understanding why and when stones and sludge form. However, treatment is now more successful and the recurrence rate has been lowered significantly.





Calcium Phosphorus Balance


 
In renal insufficiency, phosphorus is not anyoneÂ’s friend. The failing kidney is no longer good at getting rid of excess phosphorus and phosphorus levels in the blood begin to rise.



Chronic Renal (Kidney) Failure


 
The kidneys are made of thousands of tiny filtration units called nephrons. Once a nephron is destroyed by a disease, it cannot regenerate; this means that we all have a finite number of nephrons to last us our whole lives.



Chronic Renal Failure Links


 
See other sources of information on renal disease.



Cistitis Idiopática Felina


 
El mayor obstáculo a la hora de erradicar esta enfermedad es que cualquier proceso que curse con inflamación de las vías urinarias se presenta con los mismos signos clínicos (infecciones, tumores, cálculos urinarios, etc.).



Cálculos de Oxalato en Gatos


 
Los gatos con cálculos urinarios suelen mostrar los signos típicos de cistitis idiopática: dificultad para orinar, sangre en la orina, micción/marcaje en lugares inadecuados y lamido de los genitales.



Dietary Therapy of Renal Failure


 
Diet can be used to help in many ways and we are lucky to have commercially available diets made specifically for renal patients, even for different stages of kidney failure. The goal of therapy is to prevent or at least postpone advanced uremia (poisoning by toxins that the kidneys could not adequately remove) and extend life expectancy.



Ectopic Ureters


 
If your puppy has an ectopic ureter or even two, the only chance at resolving the incontinence is through surgery. This is expensive and often unsuccessful so it is important to know what you’re getting into.




Enfermedad felina de las vías urinarias bajas (FLUTD)


 
Es importante resaltar que los signos del tracto urinario inferior en gatos macho pueden indicar la presencia de una obstrucción urinaria, lo que requiere tratamiento de urgencia. Si usted no está seguro de que su gato puede orinar, es importante que recuerde que esto puede necesitar tratamiento urgente y que contacte a su veterinario lo antes posible.



Feline Idiopathic Cystitis


 
Formerly known as FUS or FLUTD, feline idiopathic cystitis simply means bladder inflammation of unknown cause. It is a set of symptoms that canÂ’t be classified as a disease.



Fluid Therapy


 
Fluid therapy concerns the administration of fluids to bring down (and keep down) the toxin levels of kidney failure. There are many ways to deliver fluids.



Glomerulonephritis


 
In glomerular disease, holes are punched out in the filtration system, allowing molecules that the body needs to keep entering the urine flow and be urinated away. Chronic inflammation leads to the holes in the filtration system.



High Blood Pressure (Systemic Hypertension) in our Pets


 
High blood pressure is an extremely important concern in human medicine. High stress lifestyle, smoking, and high salt diet all contribute to this potentially dangerous condition and virtually everyone in the U.S. knows how serious it can be. But what about our pets? They don’t smoke or worry about the mortgage and they don’t deposit cholesterol in their blood vessels. They do, however, get high blood pressure, especially in age and here is what you probably should know.



Introducción al Fallo renal


 
Los riñones están formados por miles de unidades de filtración llamadas nefronas. Una vez que una nefrona ha sido destruida por cualquier enfermedad no puede regenerarse; esto significa que todos tenemos un número limitado de nefronas que nos tienen que durar toda la vida.



Kidney Dialysis: Is it for your Pet?


 
Most every animal hospital can provide diuresis: a therapy where extra fluid beyond what the patient can drink is provided, thus giving the kidney its medium so that it can remove toxic waste. This works well but there comes a time when even with plenty of fluids, the sick kidney simply cannot get the toxins out. For most patients this is the end of the line. In fact, diuresis may be another choice, though it is substantially more expensive than diuresis and dialysis centers for pets are still few and far between.



Kidney Failure: Where to Begin


 
Chronic kidney, or renal, failure is common among geriatric pets. As treatment frequently is long term, owners should understand their options. Topics discussed include definitions, medications used in treatment, diagnostics/helpful testing, and monitoring.



Kidney Transplants for Cats and Dogs


 
To the uninitiated, the impression may be that once your cat or dog receives a new kidney, life is renewed and all the kidney problems are solved. In fact, this is hardly the case. Immune-suppressive medications are needed to prevent rejection of the new organ, not to mention infection and other issues. A kidney transplant is a big deal regardless of the species of the recipient.




Leptospirosis


 
This infection can be caught by humans as well as by dogs. Learn about the leptospira organism, and how we test, treat and vaccinate against the disease (in dogs, that is).



Leptospirosis and Your Pet: A CDC Fact Sheet


 
A fact sheet from the CDC answers questions about the risk of people getting leptospirosis from their pets.



Oxalate Bladder Stones (Canine)


 
Although a urinalysis can provide a clue, the only way to know for sure that a dogÂ’s bladder stone is an oxalate stone is to retrieve a stone and have a laboratory analyze it.



Oxalate Bladder Stones (Feline)


 
Most calcium oxalate stones develop in cats between ages 5 and 14 years. 35% of cats with calcium oxalate bladder stones have elevated blood calcium (hypercalcemia). Burmese and Himalayan cats appear genetically predisposed to the development of calcium oxalate bladder stones.



Preventing Spraying


 
Urine-marking is called spraying, and the strategies for addressing it are different from those that you use in getting a cat to use a litter box.



Pyelonephritis


 
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney that frequently shows no symptoms and thus it is not usually recognized until the signs become severe. It may not be diagnosed until histopathology is done on the kidney after the pet’s death.



Renal Anemia: Inadequate Red Blood Cells


 
There are three important ways in which the kidney patient loses red blood cells. The first way is bone marrow suppression. The second way is bleeding. The third way is called hemodilution. Maintaining a stable red blood cell quantity keeps the patient energetic and spirited and is crucial to staying alive.



Straining to Eliminate


 
Straining is a frequent and sometimes exaggerated effort to have a bowel movement or to urinate.



Struvite Stones – Canine


 
Some patients with bladder stones show no symptoms of any kind and the stones are discovered incidentally, but there are some symptoms that might promote a search for stones.



Struvite Stones – Feline


 
While struvite bladder stones can sometimes be found incidentally while looking into another problem, most of the time they are found when the cat is showing signs of lower urinary tract disease.



Subcutaneous Fluids


 
Lots of animals require extra fluids, either temporarily or indefinitely, to insure that they receive adequate hydration. The technique is simple, but sometimes daunting to the beginner. Here is a pictured guide to assist with the learning experience of giving subcutaneous fluids to your pet at home.



Transitional Cell Carcinoma


 
The transitional cell carcinoma is a particularly unpleasant tumor of the urinary bladder that usually grows in the lower neck of the bladder, causing a partial or complete obstruction to urination. Bloody urine and straining to urinate are typically the signs noted by the owner.



Uric Acid Stones and Urate Urolithiasis


 
Dalmatians are different. Being unable to convert uric acid to allantoin is the main predisposing factor to uric acid stone formation and accounts for why 80% of uric acid bladder stones come from Dalmatians.



Urinary Blockage


 
Every owner of a male cat should be familiar with this emergency condition. The recognition of straining to urinate is the key. Urine flow must be re-established by trained veterinary personnel to prevent death.



Urinary Incontinence


 
When a house pet develops urinary incontinence, many owners fear the worst. Urinary incontinence is usually one of easiest problems to solve so it is crucial that veterinary assistance be sought before an ownerÂ’s patience is completely worn out.



Urinary Tract Infection


 
The urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common ailments in small animal practices.